Drug Trafficking in Cuba Surges Amid Economic Crisis

Cuba is experiencing a surge in drug trafficking and consumption, with authorities and health officials raising alarms over the growing presence of synthetic drugs like el químico —a mix of synthetic cannabinoids or other chemically engineered substances sprayed onto plant material that is highly addictive— as well as crack and marijuana. This growing crisis reflects deepening social and economic instability across the island.

Urban Drug Use on the Rise

Drug trafficking in Cuba has become increasingly visible in urban centers such as Havana and Santiago de Cuba. El químico, a cheap synthetic substance with potent effects, has emerged as one of the most commonly used street drugs. Health professionals at Havana’s Calixto García Hospital report a troubling rise in drug-related emergencies — with some medical workers themselves reportedly struggling with addiction. Watch:

Due to its low cost and widespread availability, el químico is no longer confined to impoverished neighborhoods. Its use has expanded into broader social groups, raising serious public health and safety concerns.

Crackdowns and Enforcement

Recent police operations in Centro Habana have resulted in multiple arrests, including one suspect found with 20 crack rocks and other drugs. These raids are part of an intensified anti-drug campaign launched in response to growing public concern and ongoing economic hardships.

Cuban authorities have also encouraged citizens to cooperate with law enforcement to maintain public order and report suspected drug activity in their communities.

Harsh Sentences in Santiago de Cuba

As part of a broader crackdown, authorities in Santiago de Cuba recently imposed severe prison sentences on two young individuals found guilty of distributing marijuana and el químico. These public trials and harsh penalties are part of a nationwide campaign intended to deter drug activity and reassert the government’s “zero tolerance” stance on narcotics.

Cuban media reports say these sentences are intended to set an example and discourage other young people from participating in drug distribution networks.

The Broader Context

Experts point to the nation’s worsening economic crisis — marked by inflation, ration cuts, and social discontent — as a major driver of the spike in drug use and trafficking. As financial pressures grow, some Cubans are turning to the drug trade as a source of income, while others fall into substance abuse to cope with the realities of daily life.

The Cuban government continues to promote its zero-tolerance approach, but observers question whether law enforcement alone can contain a problem so deeply rooted in systemic poverty and social decay.